Sample In-Text Citations -- How to Set Up Quotes

Essay 1 | Essay 2

Essay 1 introducing the quote

Delbanco describes the connection  that an important part of college is fostering democracy

Essay 2 introducing the quote

 

Direct Quotes -- Print | Direct Quotes -- Online | Summaries -- Print | Summaries -- Online | Works Cited for Examples on this Page | Verb List and Signal Phrases

 

Direct Quotes - Print

 

1.    Sarcasm can be used effectively to make an argument. When documentary filmaker and social activist Michael Moore writes "Who cares if 70 percent of those who graduate from America's colleges are not required to learn a foreign language? Isn't the rest of the world speaking English now?" (157), he humorusly exposes the ignorance of our views both of other countries and our education system.

 

2.    Michael Moore, a documentary filmaker and social activist, laments the misguided priorities of our elected officials when it comes to education. He notes that

the political leaders -- and the people who vote for them -- have decided it's a bigger priority to build another bomber than to educate our children. They would rather hold hearings about eh depravity of a television show called Jackass than about their own depravity in neglecting our schools and children and maintaining our title as Dumbest Country on Earth. (156)

This misguided use of money and intellect is part of the problem with the education system in this country

Block indent for quotes which take up four lines or more on your page.

Note ellipsis dots and square brackets for excluded words

 

3.    For our political system to function, our electorate needs a basic understanding of the underpinnings of democracy. Daniel L. Marsh, former president of Boston College , argues that Americans "must have an intelligent comprehension of the ideas and ideals that underlie our [. . .] democracy" (18). His emphasis on "intelligent comprehension" supports the view that ____

Note ellipsis dots and square brackets for excluded words

 

4.    In their examination of the Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas controversy, Newsweek reporters Timothy Phelps and Helen Winternitz come to the ominous conclusion that either "a Supreme Court justice had committed perjury to get himself on the bench or Hill and his opponents had engaged in an unprecedented criminal conspiracy in an attempt to defeat him" (441). From the evidence in their book, it seems that someone has committed perjury.

 

5.    After analyzing current sitcoms, New York Times movie critic Caryn James discovers that "they have come to resemble melodrama and soap opera more than they reflect comic versions of real life" (1). James believes that sitcoms are supposed to be "real life" . . . .

 

6.  Former Labor Secretary Linda Chavez, at the end of her union bashing screed, states "I know unions are corrupt" (qtd. in Lopez). What's missing in this essay on the influence of union money in political campaigns is any mention of corporate influence on the political process. In the world that Lopez and Chavez inhabit, big, bad unions are the evil forces -- are "corrupt" -- and corporation are big, benevolent, and beloved by mainstream of America. But if it wasn't for labor unions, and the combined money they can bring to the political arena, would any politicians pay (no pun intended) attention to labor concerns? That's a question that Lopez and her fellow writers at The National Review are not prepared to answer -- though they're more than ready to scare workers away from unions.

 


Direct Quote -- Online

 

7.    The literary critic Mitchell Domhnal notes that "some critics allege that to read Dickinson in any standard typographic edition is effectively to read her in translation." This suggests that the usual method of reading a poem in a textbook isn't the best way to read Dickinson.

Note: since essay is taken from online source which was not a PDF file, no page number is cited in the in-text citation.

 

8.    Testing by University of Georgia psychologist Dr. Stuart Katz showed that university students "correctly answered [. . .] 38% of the multiple choice comprehension questions without even reading the test selections" (qtd. in Elson). To answer a third of the questions through sheer luck suggests . . .

Note: since essay is taken from online source which was not a PDF file, no page number is cited in the in-text citation.

 

9.    After analyzing current sitcoms, New York Times movie critic Caryn James discovers that "they have come to resemble melodrama and soap opera more than they reflect comic versions of real life." James believes that sitcoms are supposed to be "real life" . . .

Note: since essay is taken from online source which was not a PDF file, no page number is cited in the in-text citation.

 

10.      The professed gambler William Bennet -- he of Book of Virtues infamy -- illustrates this conservative hypocrisy. While he spends millions in gambling (eight in ten years to be exact), he argues that it is not those of moral rectitude, like himself, that are despoiling his precious America, but others who suffer from "spiritual acedia." But I have a question for Mr. Bennet: where in the bible does it say "Thou shalt lose millions at the green velvet tables of Las Vegas and Atlantic City"? He is a walking example of the difficulties of accusing others of leading an immoral life: given his knowledge of the bible, he should know the danger of casting the first stone.

Note: since essay is taken from online source which was not a PDF file, no page number is cited in the in-text citation.

 

11.In a troubling warning on the problems of the 2004 presidential election, the chairman of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Julian Bond, reported that "Minority voters are more sensitive to the possibility of what happened in Florida and elsewhere in 2000."

Note: since essay is taken from online source which was not a PDF file, no page number is cited in the in-text citation.

 

12.    The brilliant literary scholar David Bordelon argues that literature is the stuff of life:

After all, literature in general . . . is about love lost or gained, the curious relationship between language and reality, a father shooting his son's murderer, a man learning to "see" with the help of a blind man; in short, it is about the flotsam and jetsam, vagaries and varieties of daily life. It seems only fair to hold reality up to fiction and see how it compares. (The Short)

This view of literature means that instead of being boring words on a page, literature pulses with the blood of life: if you're splattered with red droplets, you know you've read properly.

Block indent for quotes which take up four lines or more on your page .

Note: since essay is taken from online source which was not a PDF file, no page number is cited in the in-text citation.

 


Summary or Paraphrase -- Print

 

13.    Conservatives believe in some limits on personal behavior (Cooper and Peck MacDonald 243).

 

14.    Work for a living? Feeling a bit poor lately? The link between the two is not difficult to explain when you examine recent pay raises. In 1997, the average worker received a raise of 3 percent. Her CEO? Many earned a 21 percent raise (Cooper 339). Feeling a bit angry now?

 

15.    A flat tax rate sounds like a good idea, but as Newsweek reporters Marc Levinson and Rich Thomas argue, it would amount to higher taxes for the working class, and no taxes at all for the leisure class -- those people who live off money handed down to them (36). Their claims illustrates the problem such a tax . . . .

 


Summary or Paraphrase -- Online

 

16.    At least one study suggests that tactical stimulation is just as important as food for nurture (Harlow).

Note: since essay is taken from online source which was not a PDF file, no page number is cited in the in-text citation.

 

17.    A report first aired on NBC, exposed the doctoring of food by Shop-Wrong supermarkets("Food").

Note: since essay is taken from online source which was not a PDF file, no page number is cited in the in-text citation

 

18.    The United States State Department concluded that Iraq's human rights did not reach accepted standards (United).

Note: since essay is taken from online source which was not a PDF file, no page number is cited in the in-text citation

 

 


Selected Works Cited for Examples on this Page

 

Bennet, William. "America Faces a Moral Crisis." Opposing Viewpoints: American Values. Ed. Jennifer Hurley. Detroit: Green Haven Press, 2000. Opposing Viewpoints Resources Center. Web. 8 March 2004.

Bordelon, David. "Course Introduction." The Short Story. Course Site. Ocean County College. Web. 31 August 1999.

Cooper, Mary H. "Income Inequality." CQ Researcher 8.15 (April 1997): 337-360. Print.

---. "Voting Rights." CQ Researcher Online 14.33 (Oct. 2004). Web. 18 November 2004.

Elson, John. "The Test That Everyone Fears." Time 12 Nov. 1995: 93-94. SIRS. Web. 3 December 2000.

James, Caryn. "Dysfunction Wears Out Its Welcome." New York Times 3 December 1995, late ed.: sec. 3:1+. Print.

Levinson, Marc and Rich Thomas. "One Tax Fits All." Newsweek 15 January 1996: 36. Print.

Lopez, Kathryn Jean.  "Not Your Father's Labor Union." National Review. Online 5 August 2004. Web. 8 August 2004.

 


Verb List and Signal Phrases

 This list is also in I&C

add agree analyze answer argue believe charge claim comment conclude consider

criticize declare describe define discover emphasize explain feels illustrate imply indicate list

maintain mention
note observe object offer point out reinforce report reply respond reveal

think
write
show
stress
suggest
support

 

Sample Introductory Phrases

Moore adds that ". . ."

The main problem, Barber argues, is that ". . ."

Both writers suggest ". . ."

The writers point out that ". . ."

This illustrates, according to Barber, ". . ."

Moore discovered that ". . ."

The New York Times reported the main cause of poor funding was ". . ."